{"id":12654,"date":"2026-10-23T20:37:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T20:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/2026\/10\/23\/sustrato-para-setas\/"},"modified":"2026-11-12T09:51:02","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T09:51:02","slug":"sustrato-para-setas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/2026\/10\/23\/sustrato-para-setas\/","title":{"rendered":"Sustrato para setas: tipos, recetas y preparaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un <strong>sustrato para setas<\/strong> es el material que tu micelio come y coloniza antes de producir setas. Piensa en \u00e9l como la tierra de tu cultivo. El sustrato adecuado da al micelio alimento, agua y aire. El equivocado provoca un crecimiento lento, cosechas peque\u00f1as o moho. En esta gu\u00eda aprender\u00e1s qu\u00e9 sustrato elegir y c\u00f3mo prepararlo.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un sustrato para setas?<\/h2>\n<p>En resumen, un sustrato para setas es cualquier material a granel que el micelio puede colonizar. Los cultivadores primero hacen crecer el micelio en grano. Esto se llama grano colonizado o spawn. Despu\u00e9s mezclan el spawn con una cantidad mayor de sustrato. El sustrato retiene la humedad y da espacio al micelio para extenderse. Cuando est\u00e1 totalmente colonizado, las setas empiezan a formarse en la superficie.<\/p>\n<h2>Tipos comunes de sustrato para setas<\/h2>\n<p>Cada especie prefiere un alimento distinto. Estas son las opciones m\u00e1s comunes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fibra de coco y vermiculita:<\/strong> la mezcla cl\u00e1sica para cubensis. Retiene bien el agua y rara vez se contamina.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Paja:<\/strong> barata e ideal para setas de ostra. Solo hay que pasteurizarla.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Serr\u00edn de madera dura:<\/strong> lo mejor para especies que aman la madera, como el shiitake y la melena de le\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Masters mix:<\/strong> mitad serr\u00edn de madera dura y mitad c\u00e1scara de soja. Da rendimientos muy altos, pero hay que esterilizarlo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esti\u00e9rcol:<\/strong> rico en nutrientes y muy apreciado por cubensis, pero contiene m\u00e1s bacterias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Receta de sustrato para setas con fibra de coco y vermiculita<\/h2>\n<p>Fibra de coco, vermiculita y yeso (a menudo llamado CVG) es el sustrato para setas m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil para principiantes. Para un lote necesitas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un ladrillo de fibra de coco de 650 g<\/li>\n<li>Unos 2 litros de vermiculita<\/li>\n<li>De 100 a 200 g de yeso<\/li>\n<li>Unos 4 a 5 litros de agua hirviendo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Primero, pon el ladrillo de coco en un cubo limpio. Despu\u00e9s, vierte el agua hirviendo encima y espera a que el ladrillo se deshaga. Luego mezcla la vermiculita y el yeso. Cierra la tapa y deja que se enfr\u00ede toda la noche. Este sencillo paso tambi\u00e9n pasteuriza la mezcla. \u00bfQuieres saber por qu\u00e9 importa el yeso? Lee nuestra gu\u00eda sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/2025\/04\/12\/yeso-para-setas\/\">yeso para setas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>La humedad correcta: capacidad de campo<\/h2>\n<p>El contenido de agua es el problema m\u00e1s frecuente con cualquier sustrato. El objetivo es la capacidad de campo. Esto significa que el sustrato retiene toda el agua posible sin gotear. Para comprobarlo, aprieta un pu\u00f1ado tan fuerte como puedas. Deben salir unas gotas, pero no un chorro continuo. Si est\u00e1 demasiado seco, a\u00f1ade un poco de agua. Si est\u00e1 demasiado h\u00famedo, a\u00f1ade algo de coco seco o vermiculita.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfPasteurizar o esterilizar tu sustrato para setas?<\/h2>\n<p>Los sustratos pobres en nutrientes, como la fibra de coco y la paja, solo necesitan pasteurizaci\u00f3n. Pasteurizar elimina a la mayor\u00eda de competidores, pero deja vivos algunos microbios \u00fatiles. Puedes hacerlo con agua hirviendo o calentando el sustrato a unos 65\u201380 \u00b0C durante una o dos horas.<\/p>\n<p>Los sustratos ricos, como el masters mix o el serr\u00edn enriquecido, necesitan una esterilizaci\u00f3n completa. De lo contrario, el moho crece m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que tu micelio. Para ello necesitas una olla a presi\u00f3n o un autoclave a 121 \u00b0C durante unas dos horas. Muchos cultivadores llenan <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/categoria-producto\/unicorn-bags\/\">Unicorn bags<\/a> autoclavables y esterilizan el sustrato dentro.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfCu\u00e1nto spawn por sustrato?<\/h2>\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de los cultivadores mezcla una parte de grano colonizado con dos a cuatro partes de sustrato. M\u00e1s spawn significa una colonizaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida y menos riesgo de contaminaci\u00f3n. Menos spawn ahorra dinero, pero el cultivo tarda m\u00e1s. Para un primer cultivo recomendamos una proporci\u00f3n de aproximadamente uno a dos. Despu\u00e9s de mezclar, extiende el sustrato en una capa uniforme en una <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/producto\/unicorn-bag-xls-b\/\">bolsa de cultivo<\/a> o un contenedor.<\/p>\n<h2>Sustrato para setas listo para usar<\/h2>\n<p>\u00bfNo quieres mezclar y pasteurizar t\u00fa mismo? Nuestro sustrato para setas listo para usar es una mezcla de 75 % de fibra de coco y 25 % de vermiculita. Lo hidratamos a capacidad de campo y lo esterilizamos en una bolsa con filtro. Elige la <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/producto\/sustrato-fibra-de-coco-2000cc\/\">bolsa de 2000 cc<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/producto\/sustrato-para-setas-4000cc\/\">bolsa de 4000 cc<\/a> o la <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/producto\/sustrato-para-setas-6000cc\/\">bolsa de 6000 cc<\/a> para un monotub. Solo a\u00f1ade <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/producto\/maiz-esterilizado-4000cc\/\">grano colonizado<\/a> y listo.<\/p>\n<h2>Errores comunes con el sustrato<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Demasiado h\u00famedo:<\/strong> el agua estancada en el fondo atrae bacterias.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demasiado seco:<\/strong> el micelio se detiene y los primordios se secan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demasiado rico sin esterilizar:<\/strong> los nutrientes extra tambi\u00e9n alimentan al moho.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Muy poco spawn:<\/strong> una colonizaci\u00f3n lenta da ventaja a los contaminantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00bfEres nuevo? Empieza con nuestra gu\u00eda paso a paso sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/es\/2023\/06\/04\/cultivar-setas\/\">c\u00f3mo cultivar setas<\/a>. Para saber m\u00e1s sobre m\u00e9todos de cultivo, consulta el <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fungicultura\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">art\u00edculo de Wikipedia sobre fungicultura<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El sustrato para setas explicado: qu\u00e9 tipo va con cada especie, una receta sencilla de coco y vermiculita, la capacidad de campo y pasteurizar o esterilizar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[802],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultivo"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1000007072-1140x445.jpg",1140,445,true],"list":["https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1000007072-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1000007072-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"full":["https:\/\/mycosupplies.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1000007072.jpg",1600,1600,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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